Vandaag Koninginnedag en dus feest ondanks het slechte weer! Zoekend naar 30 april 1672, vond ik een garnizoenslijst van het vestingstadje Doesburg bij Arnhem. In 1672 was het een komen en gaan van militairen totdat de stad zich in juni 1672 aan de Fransen overgaf. Pas in mei 1674 worden nieuwe bewegingen geregistreerd.
[159v] Den 29 April 1672 is met patente binnen dese stadt gekomen de
compagnie te voet vande Here Graeff Otto van Stijrum en Limburgh, ende
heeft de Lieutenant Melchior van Laer, ende Vaendrig Mourits Hendrick van
Plettenburg den gewoontelicken eedt gedaen.
Eodem is aen Haer Edelheid vertoont de patente vande compagnie te paerde
vande Collonel de Marquis van Monpouillian48, gaende van Deutecom naer
Aernhem.
Den 30 April 1672 is met behoorlicke patenten binnen dese stadt gekomen de
compagnie van de Here Capitain Anthoni van Westrenen, ende hebben
desselfs compagnijs Lieutenant en Vendrich den gewoontelicken eedt
gepræsteert.
Den 2en Meij 1672 is met behoorlicke patenten binnen dese stadt gekomen de
vacante compagnie peerden van Hauttrives, ende hebben desselfs compagnijs
Lieutenant, en Cornet den gewoontelicken eedt gepræsteert.
Den 3en Meij 1672 is met behoorlicke patenten binnen dese stadt gekomen de
compagnie van de Heer Capitain Nicolaes Hopsen, ende heeft desselfs
Vendrich den gewoontelicken eedt afgeleit.
Today we celebrate the birthday of HM the Queen, and looking for the date the 30th of April, I found a garrisonslist of the fortified town of Doesburg, near Arnhem. In 1672 a lot was going on of course, until the town surrendered to the French in June 1672.
Registration started again in May 1674.
Een vrij recente biografie van Willem III door Dr W. Troost. Heel simpel gezegd komt een van zijn stellingen er op neer dat Willem en Lodewijk gevangen zaten in een web van onderling wantrouwen waarvan ze beide niet in staat waren uit te komen. Veegt daarnaast de vloer aan met eerdere biografien en is uiteindelijk toch positief over Willem III. Niet voor Oranje-fans.
~
A rather recent (2001, Ed. Verloren) biography on William III, by Dr Wout Troost, a student of the great Dr Roorda. He states that both Louis XIV and William were both caught in a web of mutual distrust and neither of them were able to get out of it. The balance is positive though, but if you are a dutch monarchist, this isn't pleasant reading. I don't agree on his point that he blames William III indirectly for the economic recession that struck the republic in the 18th century but agree in some way on his point that the rise of the Republic was due to the fact that the competitors France and England did rather bad. To be continued....
Tweedelig werk uit 1962. Ik vond het niet rechtstreeks als bron in het werk van Troost, wel in de noten. Erg leesbaar boek overigens.
~~
Two part biography by Nesca Adeline Robb from the year 1962. Very well written, but not that deep going, but lots of details on his personal life.
Moet zelf zeggen, ik vond het boek wel goed te lezen, maar blijkbaar denken anderen daar anders over.
Personally, I found this book a good read, but here's Gwynn's review.
Jstor/The Huguenot Soldiers of William of Orange and the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688: The Lions of Judah by Matthew Glozier
Source: Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1 (Spring,
2004), pp. 130-132
Published by: The North American Conference on British Studies
The uneven quality of the work is a reflection of the sources used, which are fully presented in sixty pages of footnotes and bibliography. While the use of Dutch Commission Books and archival material to establish the role of the large number of Huguenot officers in the Dutch Republic in the years immediately before 1688 is emphasized (p. 3), there is no examination of their strengths and weaknesses as sources, and the bibliography is confined to printed works. The secondary sources used range from serious historians to popular
132 Albion writers, with little attempt to alert the reader to their comparative reliability. This book therefore discusses a worthwhile and neglected subject, but needs to be used with caution.
Napier, New Zealand ROBIN D. GwYNN
Summary
A battle like the one at Seneffe, must be seen in the light of it's time and age and one should realise that battles in the 16th and 17th century took a different position in warfare than today. Battles rarely where the outcome of a plan, and to characterise this, another word for battle at that time was 'occasie' or 'occasion'.
For weeks and even months enemies tried to find and encircle each other, just to find the right time and place and this is the way the battle of Seneffe started. The strategic value of these battle was zero or at least problematic. On the other hand great value was attached to appearences like captured kettke drums, flags and colours, and most importantly 'who kept the field', after the battle.
The allied army of Willam III, numbered around 60.000 men: 30.000 Dutch troops, about 12.000 Spanish of different nationalities, and 20.000 Imperial troops. The Spanish troops were commanded by the Monterey, the stadholder of the Spanish Netherlands, and the Imperialists were under De Souches. Especially de Souches caused a lot of problems because he had secret orders not to interfere in battle.
The French, numbering about 45.000 men, were under the great Condé, and were in the minority. Conde had a fortified camp behind the Pieton river. William himself tried to convince his commanders to go to battle, but this was refused so the army marched south to the French border. The allies moved a bit more to the French lines to scout Condé's position but somewhat in a hurry the army broke camp and went south on the 11th.
This turned out to be a rather bad idea: marching under the eye of the enemy, especially Condé, through rough terrain was asking for trouble. And trouble came.
Condé found out about the plans of the allied army already on the 10th. On the 10th he already moved cavalry and infantry over the river Pieton, and the next day he moved to a position to watch the allied army. He immediatly ordered an attack to the rear guard of the allies, with cavarly, infantry and six artillery pieces under de Montal. Condé himself commanded the Maison du Roi and crossed the river up north.
This was noticed by the prince of Veaudemont, a man from Lorraine in Spanish service and his dragoons, who asked William for reinforcements and three bataillions Dutch went to Seneffe to defend the village. Near Seneffe the first phase of the battle started and the allies were driven out the village which was very difficult to defend. At least three dutch bataillons were beaten, 'Young' Prince Maurice was captured, but Montal was wounded himself as well. The French pushed on, causing a rout of the allies. In a position north of Condé, general Fourilles moved his cavalry, smashed the dutch Nassau Friesland regiment who were guarding the baggage train and who fled into the baggage train. The French followed them and paid their attention to the baggage and started looting.
Condé started to push on to the allied rear guard, consisting of 16 squadrons under the marquis of Assentar, the duke of Villa Hermosa and only one bataillion of infantry under Beaumont. Monterey took the rest of the infantry to the avant-garde, 'took a wrong turn' and turned up the next day after the battle.
The van Weede brigade, about 12 bataillions, fortunatly started covering the retreat of the Spanish, and both sides were in confusion and new lines started to appear after the troops were rallied.
The French attacked again: on the right Luxembourg, in the centre Fourilles and on the left Condé with the Maison du Roi. Near the convent of St Nicolas du Bois a fierce battle started, the decond part of the battle of Seneffe: Condé managed to break through the center, the French infantry arrived and attacked from the east and despite the personal courage of William the allied were pushed back again. Amongst the dead were Col. Aylva and Spanish commander de Assentar. Up to now, about 45 allied squadrons and 18 batallions were beaten.
But still, three Dutch brigades were intact plus some cavalry. Also, the Imperial troops were not involved in the battle, either through unwillingness as dutch writers state, or the actions of french general St Clas, who was snet out to Condé to harras the avant-garde.
William managed to make a new defensive line near the village of Fay, with the dutch on the right in the East and the imperialist on the left. Also the artillery was deployed.
Again fierce fighting started. Fay was well defendable position, skrimishers were deployed in the hedges and cavalry was used a a mobile defense by the allies. The French attacked the village but failed to move on. Luxembourg managed to near the artillery but was pushed back by a counter attack. He was himself attacked by Fariaux, the defender of Maastricht.
On the other flank, near Hestre, the dutch were pushed back by Navailles, but he again was attacked by John Maurice 'The Brazilian'. Fighting continues until dark, all the French attacks were repulsed. After midnight Condé ordered his troops to leave the field.
Historians agree that the battle was one of the bloodiest in the 17th century and it is estimated that both sides recieved about 3000 casualties. The French claim about 3.500 prisoners and the capture of at least 107 colours, plus 40 pontoons and a large part of the baggage train.
The allies state that they left the field two hours after the french, and that they reached their marching target. The last attack of the French was beaten, but the attack on France itself had to be postponed. The batte therefore was undecided.
Original text (c) Ons Leger / Translation (c) rampjaar.blogspot.com
(c) Ons Leger
De historicus J.W. Wijn schreef voor het maandblad 'Ons Leger' bovenstaand artikel, wat ik met toestemming hier reproduceer.
(c) Ver. Ons Leger, bron: Ons Leger, 1952 Vol 36, delen 2-2
~~
Dutch historian J.W. Wijn, (author of part VIII of 'Het Staatsche Leger') wrote the above article for the peridodical of dutch organisation 'Ons Leger' ('Our Army'), in 1952, and I have been granted permission to republish it here.
Wijn is a very thorough historian and a good writer as well.
I won't translate the entire article, but will make a summary of it, unless there's a really great demand for it.
The first pic is a Romeyn de Hooghe print and the second one is drawing of the battle itself by Wijn.
(c) Ons Leger, source 'Ons Leger', 1952, Vol 36, parts 2-3
Een betaallijst uit 1667. De compagniesterkte varieerde dus nogal, opvallend is ook dat het prima plana (d.w.z. officieren, onder-officieren en overig personeel als betaalmeesters en chirurgijns) altijd constant blijft.
Bron: Geschiedenis van de Mariniers, Leupe en van Braam Houckgeest, op google books in te zien.
Two paylists of dutch marines from the year 1667. Note that the prima plana remains the same, even when the company strenght varies. Of course, the colonels company is even better staffed - officially that is.
Source: Geschiedenis van de Mariniers, Leupe en van Braam Houckgeest, google books.
Nee, dit zijn niet de nieuwe figuren van Wargames Factory, maar dit is een 17e eeuws tinnen soldaatje, opgegraven in Rotterdam, wat nu te zien is in het Historisch Museum daar. Veel leuke plaatjes om te zoeken en te vinden.
~~
This isn't WF's new release (might be though..) but a tin soldier found in Rotterdam and on display in the Rotterdam Historical Museum.
The collection can be browsed here, dutch only for the time being. In the middle of the page there's a search bar, type a word like 'Monmouth' and click on 'zoeken'.
Op 27 juli 1668 vertrok de rijke Amsterdamse vrijgezel Carel Quina naar Jeruzalem, met het doel om daar met Pasen in 1669 aan te komen. Dit lukte en via Rome en Engeland keerde Quina in Amsterdam terug. Zijn zeer lezenswaardige reisverslag is door Ingrid van der Vlis ingeleid en in 17e eeuws nederlands gedrukt.
De eerste bladzijde is al leuk: het kostte hem maar liefst acht uur om in Utrecht te komen via het goede trekschuitennet (3x per dag afvaart). Veel inwoners zijn adellijk '..die haer in kleding gans na de Franse draght voegen'...
~~
On the 27th of July in the year 1667, the rich Amsterdam merchant Carel Quina left Amsterdam to travel to Jerusalem to celebrate Easter there in 1669. Quina reached his goal through Imperial, Turkish and Arab lands and returned in Amsterdam in 1671 after a visit to Rome and England.
Ingrid van der Vlis edited his travel journal, and added notes and an introduction, the text is in 17th century dutch. A very nice book from the start: Quina starts his journey to arrive eight hours (!) later in Utrecht, 'thanks to the regulary departing boats. In Utrecht is a lot of nobilty 'dressed in the French fashion'. Explains a lot!
Een van de eerste slagen in de Spaanse Successieoorlogen. Een pamflet van de website Tempo, toegankelijk via een KB pas of een universiteitspas.
~~
Two pictures of a pamphlet of the website Tempo (The Early Modern Pamphlets Online) accessible through a KB/Royal Library pass, or a university pass. Tempo contains pamflets from the dutch Royal Library and the University of Groningen Library and has pamflets in dutch, german and french.
Een soort encyclopedie over de oorlogen van Lodewijk de XIV. Soms wel erg simplistisch. Vond dit stukje over Malborough wel grappig.
Marlborough remained in touch with leading Jacobites for several years, rebel inclinations or at least contacts for which he was briefly imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1692. The direct cause of his temporary fall from royal grace was a wrongful accusation that he had supported a plot against the king.
Restored to royal favor by 1700, he was appointed captain-general, and commanded the English and Dutch field armies in the United Provinces at the start of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714). In his accounts of battle and the war, Marlborough unfairly belittled the overall contribution of Dutch arms, a prejudice also reflected in many British histories of the conflict. This habit likely was born of a lifelong penchant for self-promotion and intrigue, to the great benefit of his fortune and career. In fact, the Dutch war effort on land Maritime Powers exceeded that of the British in terms of men, money, and matériel, though at sea the Royal Navy clearly pulled away from the Dutch Navy in the level of its contribution.
In addition, Marlborough enjoyed a remarkable and effective partnership with Prince Eugene of Savoy, who fought at his side as co-commander during three of Marlborough’s four great battlefield victories.
A kind of encyclopedia on warfare in the age of Louis XIV, well written lots of info also on Eastern Europe but sometimes rather simplistic as well. Rather pro-english as well (just five lines on the Raid on the Medway...)
The above quote comes from the lemma 'Marlborough', and the literature on Marlborough are the books of Chandler. Go figure.
Bron/Source: The Historian 56:3, 1994, p.601
Uitgegeven in 1968 door van Dishoeck, geschreven door H. Ringoir. Leuk boekje met info over uniformen en ook genealogie van regimenten. Uitstekend gedrukt, helaas een beetje teveel aandacht voor de periode na 1800.
A small booklet, in the same format as the Fibula books, so the printwork is of excellent quality, especially the b/w pics. Unfortunatly the post 1800 year period has a bit too much emphasis, but he book has great info on the genealogy of dutch regiments.
Google levert vaak grappige resultaten op. Zo kwam ik eens uit op de website van het waterschap Salland, met een leuk artikel over de zogenaamde Bisschopsschans. Pal naast de snelweg tussen Zwolle en Meppel, bij Staphorst ligt het plaatsje Rouveen. Hier lag, op het kruispunt van de wegen naar Friesland en Groningen een schans die enige jaren geleden is gerestaureerd. Meer over de schans hier en de gevechtshandelingen in 1672 zijn beschreven in de Overijsselse Almanak van 1854 en die vindt de lezer hieronder.
(F.A. Ebbinge Wubben, ‘De pas te Rouveen en de later daarbij aangelegde schans, of het fort bekend onder den naam van Friesche Kaa, Bisschops Schans of Schansbeentjesgraven’, in Overijsselsche Almanak voor Oudheid en Letteren, 1854, 19de jrg, Deventer 1854, pp. 158-182.)
~~
Unfortunatly I don'r remember anymore how I got there, but a google search led me to a nice article on the website of the 'Waterschap' of Salland in the province of Overijssel. 'Waterschap' is the local government organisation that deals with water quality and water management, which is rather important in a country that lies mainly below sea level. Near the village of Rouveen, on the crossroads of the roads to and from groningen, Friesland and Zwolle a fortress was made, which was occupied in 1672 by the troops of Bishop van Galen, and used as a base to terrorise and plunder the local surroundings.
The article I posted is an article from the Almanac of Overijssel, almanacs being a popular way in the 19th century to publish on local history. The writer states that as late as August 1673 Munster troops and artillery were present for an attack on Friesland, together with French troops from Condé's army. Click on the links in the dutch section for more pics.
De Engelsen mogen dan hun Osprey's hebben, wij Nederlanders hebben de Fibula boekjes, uitgegeven door de bijna ter ziele gegane Nederlandse Jeugdbond voor de geschiedenis.
Lezer, vergis u absoluut niet in de kwaliteit van deze boekjes, die onder meer zijn geillustreerd door Hans G. Kresse en Rien Poortvliet (!). De kwaliteit van het drukwerk is uitstekend en bekende historici als Roorda en Schulten hebben fraaie boekjes geschreven.
Om mee te beginnen: uit het boekje over vestingwerken een afbeelding uit de Traveaux de Mars
en uit het boekje van de gebroeders Schulten,een afbeelding uit 'La Doctrine Militaire'.
~~
Two booklets from ther Dutch 'Fibula' range, originally written for 'the young', but most of the older books are for an older audience and written by professional historians, well documented, the fromt cover illustrated by the best dutch illustrators and of an excellent printing quality. Think of them as an equivalent of the English Osprey books.
The first book is on dutch fortifications and the second on the dutch army in the 17th century, which has a great literature list. The b/w illustrations are from french books, the first 'Les Traveaux de Mars' (google book here) and the other 'La Doctrine Militaire'.
Dank aan Lysimachus, die de legenda bij deze kaart heeft vertaald.
Many thanks to Lysimachus for the translation of the legenda of the map here.
Spreekt wel voor zich, een 'slachtofferlijst' van de Staatsen na de slag bij Ekeren in 1703. Ik heb ook nog de apologie van van Wassenaar, als daar interesse voor is, wil ik die ook wel herpubliceren.
~~
A casualty list of the States' troops after the battle of Ekeren. It looks like the troops were divided in three sub-units? I also can reproduce the apology of Wassenaar, the general in charge who fled the battlefield if there's interest in it.
Twee paragrafen uit het boek 'De geschiedenis der mariniers' van Leupe en van Braam. Het volledige boek is op google books te vinden (klik hier) en het bevat informatie over indeling, bewapening en krijgsgeschiedenis van de mariniers vanaf 1665.
Eerder heb ik een gedeelte van het schilderij van van Beerstraten laten zien en dat laat inderdaad de aanval zien op Sheerness, en dankzij deze artikelen weten we dus welke eenheden daar ter plaatse waren.
Na Sheerness werd een aanval gedaan op Harwich, wat slecht voor de Staatsen afliep. Een van de gesneuvelden was vrijwilliger Moses Ter Borch, voor wie de volgende rouwklacht werd opgemaakt.
~~
A few posts down I posted a pic, which is a cut out of a painting by Beerstraten of the 'attack on the Medway', showing the storming of the fortress of Sheerness. The history of the dutch marines is been written down in several books, one of them being online now at google books here. The raid on the Medway is described in the first two paragraphs, also giving a list of colonels and captains of the marines present at that time. Matters are a bit confused as the authors also lists 'landsoldiers' being present at the attack, without listing the officers though.
The last pic is a pamphlet in memory of Moses ter Borch, of the 'painter' Ter Borch family, who voulonteerd for the marines and died at the unsuccesfull attack on Harwich.
Britain as a Military Power, 1688-1815, Author(s): Jeremy Black
Source: The Journal of Military History, Vol. 64, No. 1 (Jan., 2000), pp. 159-177
Published by: Society for Military History
There is, of course, a thesis that the warfare of the period was indecisive. Geoffrey Parker has argued that "wars still eternalised themselves . . . the Great Northern War endured from 1700 to 1721 in spite of Poltava; the War of the Span- ish Succession continued ... in spite of Blenheim, Ramillies, Oude- naarde and Malplaquet" (The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500-1800 [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988], 33).
This, however, owed much to their being umbrella wars that comprehended a number of different conflicts-Hanover and Prussia did not attack Sweden until after Poltava-and to the failure to reach negotiated settlements even after one side had been driven by defeat to negotiate, as Louis XIV was in 1709. The battles themselves were decisive. Blenheim (1704) was followed by the capture of the Franco-Bavarian positions in southern Germany, particularly Ingolstadt and Ulm, and by the withdrawal of the French from Germany, while Marlborough's victories at Ramillies (1706) and Oudenaarde (1708) drove the French from the Low Countries. Other battles in which Marlborough was not involved were also deci- sive. Eugene's victory at Turin (1706) drove the French from Italy, French victories at Almanza (1707) and Brihuega (1710) won Spain for the Bourbon dynasty, and Poltava (1709) was followed by the Russian conquest of Livonia. The military history of the period is well worth the attention of the specialist in international relations, for it is clear that the often bold diplomatic plans of the period were not impossible from the military angle.
The armies of the period were more effective than those described by Michael Roberts, the governments better able to sustain wars in which reasonably well-supplied forces could be directed to obtain particular goals, rather than have to search for food. J. R. Jones offers a good account of Marlborough's generalship in which he emphasizes the duke's belief in the practical possibility of total victory. Jones does not gloss over his failures, but there is also an appre- ciation of his characteristic mobility and his combination of strategic insight and tactical flexibility. Marlborough was a master of the delivery of well-timed concentrated force on the battlefield but, as later with Frederick the Great, his opponents learned to a degree to predict his plans. Marlborough was thwarted at Malplaquet (1709) and, as Jones points out, this led to a change in his generalship: "Marlborough in the course of his last two campaigns, in 1710 and 1711, did not choose to attack the opposing army on the occasions when he faced it in strongly prepared positions, and he failed to out-manoeuvre the French into hav- ing to give battle on ground of his choosing" (p. 183). This was obviously crucial for the likely terms on which the war would end. Marlborough, it was clear, would not be able to compel Louis to agree to peace on allied terms. Jones is not strong on Marlborough as a politician, despite the Duke's major role in British domestic politics between 1702 and 1710, and has far too little to say about Marlborough's intrigues in 1713-14 and about his position in George I's early years. It would be useful, for example, to know how far Marlborough's view between 1714 and 1716, particularly with regard to the army and to foreign policy, paved the way for the dissensions that split the Whigs in 1717. Nevertheless, this is a good introductory work (Marlborough (Cambridge: Cabridge University Press, 1993),and a lively and satis- factory read.
In verband met een storing bij Ziggo is het internetten de laatste dagen nu niet bepaald erg prettig, zeker als je met grote bestanden moet werken.
Maar goed, nog een kaart van de slag bij Seneffe, wederom uit de collectie van de universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden. Let op de wagentjes en de aanval op de artillerie.
My internet connection has some issues, so uploading large image files isn't a pleasure at all at the moment. But, in between I managed to upload another map of the Seneffe battle of 1674, courtesy and copyright of the University of Leyden. Note the baggage wagons and the attack on the artillery.
Eindelijk binnen, vanuit de Leidse Universiteits bibliotheek een contemporaire kaart van de slag van Seneffe. Het wachten meer dan waard, de scans zijn geweldig (120 MB!).
Met dank aan lezer Lysimachus een vertaling van de tekst/legenda bij de kaart.
TEXTE ORIGINAL
Bataille de Seneffe
donné entre larmée de frances et selles de monseigneur le praince Dorange
A Le camp de monseigneure le praince dorange composes des troupe imperialle & despagne
1 le village darkeme
2 village la où le praince maurisse loga et le marquis de la santaro
B le camp de larmee francoise commandee par monsieure le praince de Conde
C le camp du duque de Luxembourg qui arrivat le soir de la bataille
3 la garde avansees des hollandois
D lendroit ou les francois ce mire en bataille avans de combatre
F la marche de troupes
FRANÇAIS MODERNE
Bataille de Seneffe
donnée entre l’armée de France et celle de monseigneur le prince d’Orange
A Le camp de monseigneur le prince d’Orange composé des troupes impériales & d’Espagne
1 le village d’Arkeme
2 village la où le prince Maurice loga et le marquis de la santaro
B le camp de l’armée française commandée par monsieur le prince de Condé
C le camp du duc de Luxembourg qui arriva le soir de la bataille
3 la garde avancée des hollandais
D l’endroit où les français se mire en bataille avant de combattre
F la marche de troupes
ENGLISH VERSION
Battle of Seneffe
Fought between the army of France and the one of the Prince of Orange
A The camp of Prince of Orange composed of the imperial troops and the Spanish ones
1 the village of Arkeme
2 village where Prince Maurice slept and the marquis of Santaro
B The camp of the French army commanded by the Prince of Condé
C The camp of the duke of Luxembourg who arrived on the evening of the battle
3 The advanced guard of the Dutch
D the place where the French moved in battle formation before the fight
F The march of troops
~~
At last my mail from Leyden arrived, showing a contemporary picture of the battle of Seneffe. Excellent service from the University of Leyden Library, making scans of 120MB! many thanks to reader Lysimachus who offered a translation of the text/legenda from 17th century French to English and modern French.
Ter nagedachtenis aan Kapitein Visser, zijn schilderij in kleur zoals dat in het stadhuis van Enkhuizen hangt.
~~
In memoriam Capt. of the Marines Visscher, depicted in colour on a painting, now in the city hall of Enkhuizen.
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